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The Compassionate Investigational New Drug program, or Compassionate IND, is a United States Federal Government-run Investigational New Drug program that allows a limited number of patients to use medical marijuana grown at the University of Mississippi. It is administered by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Closed to new entrants, there are four known surviving patients who were grandfathered into the program. ==Origin== The origins of the Compassionate Investigational New Drug Study program began after Robert Randall brought a lawsuit (''Randall v. U.S'')〔 against the Food and Drug Administration, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the Department of Justice, and the Department of Health, Education & Welfare. Randall, afflicted with glaucoma, had successfully used the ''Common Law doctrine of necessity'' to argue against charges of marijuana cultivation because it was deemed a medical necessity (''U.S. v. Randall''). On November 24, 1976, federal Judge James Washington ruled: While blindness was shown by competent medical testimony to be the otherwise inevitable result of the defendant's disease, no adverse effects from the smoking of marijuana have been demonstrated...Medical evidence suggests that the medical prohibition is not well-founded.〔Lee, M. A. (2012). ''Smoke Signals: A Social History of Marijuana - Medical, Recreational and Scientific''. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 143912793X.〕〔The Criminal Law Reporter. 20. Bureau of National Affairs. Arlington, Va. 1976. p. 2300.〕 The criminal charges against Randall were dropped, and following a petition (May 1976) filed by Randall, federal agencies began providing him with FDA-approved access to government supplies of medical marijuana, becoming the first American to receive marijuana for the treatment of a medical disorder. Randall went public with his victory and shortly after the government tried to prevent his legal access to marijuana. This led to the 1978 lawsuit where Randall was represented pro bono publico by law firm Steptoe & Johnson. Twenty-four hours after filing the suit, the federal agencies requested an out-of-court settlement which resulted in Randall gaining prescriptive access to marijuana through a federal pharmacy near his home. The settlement in ''Randall v. U.S.'' became the legal basis for the FDA's Compassionate IND program.〔 Initially only available to patients afflicted by marijuana-responsive disorders and orphan drugs, the concept was expanded to include HIV-positive patients in the mid-1980s. At its peak, the program had thirty active patients. It stopped accepting new patients in 1992 after public health authorities concluded there was no scientific value to it, and due to President George H.W. Bush administration's desire to "get tough on crime and drugs." As of 2011, four patients continue to receive cannabis from the government under the program. Clinton A. Werner, author of "Medical Marijuana and the AIDS Crisis", says that the closure of the government program during the height of the AIDS epidemic led directly to the formation of the medical cannabis movement in the United States, a movement which initially sought to provide cannabis for treating anorexia and wasting syndrome in AIDS patients.〔Werner, Clinton A. (March 4, 2001). "(Medical Marijuana and the AIDS Crisis )". ''J Cannabis Ther''. (3/4): 17-33.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Compassionate Investigational New Drug program」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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